Imqimen udmawanen

Les cours

01. Agemmay d wayen i s-d-yezzin

Agemmay n tmaziɣt yesɛa 32 isekkilen; yewwi-d yakk isekkilen-is si tlatinit ḥaca “ɣ” d “ɛ” i d-yekkan si tegrigit.

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02. Tamsertit

Tamsertit tettili mi ara d mlilen sin imesla. Yiwen ger sin-nni ikeccem deg wayeḍ, ttaken-d s umata imesli ussid.

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03. Isem

Isem amaziɣ yesɛa: asmil, tawsit, amḍan akk d waddad.

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04. Amyag

Amyag d aferdis d-yesskanayen tigawt nexdem, taɣara neɣ addad n kra tɣawsa. Amyag yebḍa ɣef sin isufar : amyag amagnu d wemyag n tɣara.

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05. Imqimen udmawanen

Imqimen udmawanen bḍan ɣef sin yeḥricen : imqimen udmawanen ilelliyen d yemqimen udmawanen iwṣilen.

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06. Arbib

Arbib d awal i d-yeskanayen ayla, taɣara, neɣ kra n ṣṣifa yellan deg yisem. Tigti n yerbiben ttusilɣen seg yemyagen n tɣara, imi d ineggura-agi i d-yeskanayen taɣara n tɣawsa.

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07. Amernu

Amernu d awal yellan d armeskil. D awal yettbeddilen anamek n wemyag neɣ n yisem.

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08. Amḍan

Anagar sin yismawen imezwura, nesseqdac ismawen n wemḍan i d-yekkan si taɛrabt. Ma yella d ismawen n tmaziɣt, ttwaseqdacen kan di kran n waẓiyen am Itergiyen, Icelḥiyen, Imẓabiyen...

Iluɣma

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09. Imeskanen

Nesseqdac-iten i wakken a d-nesken neɣ a nwehhi ɣer kra n tɣawsa.

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10. Présentatifs, irbuda, imattaren...

Présentatifs, irbuda, imattaren...

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Encore plus...

Ici une liste, non exhaustive, de sites sur différentes thématiques du domaine berbère.

Imqimen udmawanen ilelliyen

Imedyaten :

- nekk i s-yemlan abrid
- fkiɣ-am-tt-id i kemm

Imqimen udmawanen ilelliyen sɛan snat n talɣiwin : talɣa tawezlant d talɣa taɣezfant.
Muqel ɣer tfelwit-agi :

	udem	awṣil n yisem		amedya (s talɣa twezlant)
	udem	talɣa tawezlant	talɣa taɣezfant	amedya (s talɣa twezlant)
asuf	1ru ml./nt.	`nekk`	`nekkini`	d `nekk` i yeldin tawwurt
	wis 2 ml.	`kečč`	`keččini`	i `kečč` wi k-ilan ?
	wis 2 nt.	`kemm`	`kemmini`	d axxam-im `kemm`
	wis 3 ml.	`netta`	`nettan`	ayɣer i d-yedda `netta`
	wis 3 nt.	`nettat`	`-`	`nettat` i yeẓran lecɣal-is
asget	1ru ml.	`nekni`	`-`	`nekni` ad nruḥ, kečč qqim
	1ru nt.	`nekkenti`	`-`	`nekkenti` s tulawin
	wis 2 ml.	`kunwi`	`-`	muddeɣ-awen-t i `kunwi`
	wis 2 nt.	`kunemti`	`-`	`kunemti` i yebɣan aya
	wis 3 ml.	`nutni`	`-`	`nutni` d arrac
	wis 3 nt.	`nutenti`	`-`	`nutenti` sut taddart

Imqimen udmawanen iwṣilen

1/10

Imqimen-agi ttusemman iwṣilen acku ttwaqqnen dima s ucuddu, ur t-nessqdac ara weḥd-sen kan akka di twinest ; a ten-naf zdin ama ɣer yisem, ɣer werbib, ɣer wemyag, ɣer umaɣun, ɣer tenzeɣt neɣ ɣer iferdisen-nniḍen. Imqimen udmawanen iwṣilen bḍan ɣef tlata leṣnaf :

wid izeddin ɣer yisem neɣ arbib
wid izeddin ɣer wemyag neɣ amaɣun
wid izeddin ɣer tenzeɣt

2/10

Iwṣilen n yisem

a. Isem amagnu

	udem	awṣil n yisem		amedya (s talɣa twezlant)
	udem	talɣa tawezlant	talɣa taɣezfant	amedya (s talɣa twezlant)
asuf	1ru ml./nt.	`-(i)w`	`-inu`	taferka`-w`, axxam`-iw`
	wis 2 ml.	`-(i)k`	`-inek`	taferka`-k`, axxam`-ik`
	wis 2 nt.	`-(i)m`	`-inem`	taferka`-m`, axxam`-im`
	wis 3 ml./nt.	`-(i)s`	`-ines`	taferka`-s`, axxam`-is`
asget	1ru ml./nt.	`-nneɣ`	`-`	taferka`-nneɣ`, axxam`-nneɣ`
	wis 2 ml.	`-nwen`	`-`	taferka`-nwen`, axxam`-nwen`
	wis 2 nt.	`-nkent`	`-`	taferka`-nkent`, axxam`-nkent`
	wis 3 ml.	`-nsen`	`-`	taferka`-nsen`, axxam`-nsen`
	wis 3 nt.	`-nsent`	`-`	taferka`-nsent`, axxam`-nsent`

3/10

Iwṣilen n yisem

b. Isem n timmarewt

Ismawen n timmarewt d wid icudden ɣer twacult. Nesseqdac-asen imqimen-agi :

	udem	awṣil n yisem	amedya
asuf	1ru ml./nt.	`-`
	wis 2 ml.	`-k`	gma`-k`
	wis 2 nt.	`-m`	gma`-m`
	wis 3 ml./nt.	`-s`	gma`-s`
asget	1ru ml.	`-tneɣ`	gma`-tneɣ`
	1ru nt.	`-tentaɣ`	gma`-tentaɣ`
	wis 2 ml.	`-twen`	gma`-twen`
	wis 2 nt.	`-tkent`	gma`-tkent`
	wis 3 ml.	`-tsen`	gma`-tsen`
	wis 3 nt.	`-tsent`	gma`-tsent`

Tamawt :

Amqim deg wudem amezwaru ulac-it, maca anamek-is yettwagzay deg wawal.
yemma = tayemmat-inu

Imedyaten :

yemma-s, dadda-m, xalti-nteɣ, ɛemmi-tsen, weltma-tkent, yelli-twen, ...

Tamawt :

Ismawen n timmarewt ibeddun s teɣri neɣ s t n wunti nesseqdac-asen imqimen n yisem amagnu.

Amedya:

ayaw-ik / ayaw-inek
takna-m / takna-inem

arbib-im / arbib-inem
aḍeggal-is / aḍeggal-ines

tislit-is / tislit-ines

4/10

Iwṣilen n wemyag

a. Imqimen usriden [1/2]

Imqimen-agi d isemmaden usriden (complément d’objet direct), tettrusu-d fell-asen tigawt
amedya : yuɣ takerrust → yuɣ-itt

	udem	awṣil usrid n wemyag
asuf	1ru ml./nt.	`-(i)yi`
	wis 2 ml.	`-(i)k`
	wis 2 nt.	`-(i)kem`
	wis 3 ml.	`-(i)t`
	wis 3 nt.	`-(i)tt`
asget	1ru ml.	`-(y)aɣ`
	1ru nt.	`-(y)anaɣ`
	wis 2 ml.	`-(i)ken`
	wis 2 nt.	`-(i)kent`
	wis 3 ml.	`-(i)ten`
	wis 3 nt.	`-(i)tent`

5/10

Iwṣilen n wemyag

a. Imqimen usriden [2/2]

• y yettban-d melmi tkeffu telɣa tamyagant s tergelt (akken ur ttemlilint ara snat n teɣra)
amedya yugar-aɣ, teǧǧa-yaɣ, ...

• Nesseqdac talɣa n wemqim s i :
- melmi tkeffu telɣa tamyagant deg wudem wis 3 asuf (ml/nt) d wudem 1ru asget s tergelt.
amedya :
itett-itt, nesseqdec amqim (i)tt s i acku talɣa tamyagant (itett) tkeffu s tergelt (t)
ntett-itent, nesseqdec amqim (i)tent s i acku talɣa tamyagant (ntett) tkeffu s tergelt (t)
imedyaten nniḍen : tif-iyi, nif-iten, yuker-itt, ...
- melmi tkeffu daɣen telɣa tamyagant n wanaḍ (impératif) deg wudem wis 2 asuf s tergelt.
amedya :
eǧǧ-itt, nesseqdec amqim (i)tt s i acku talɣa tamyagant (eǧǧ) tkeffu s tergelt (ǧ)
imedyaten nniḍen : ssiweḍ-iten, ssengugel-itt, ɛiwen-it, ...

Tamawt

Isekkilen i d y ur ten-nesseqdac ara melmi yefti wemyag deg yimal neɣ yella di talɣa tibawt (wali tamsirt n tseftit)
amedya : a t-yesserwel, a tent-yeǧǧ, ...

6/10

Iwṣilen n wemyag

b. Imqimen irusriden [1/2]

Imqimen-agi d isemmaden irusriden (complément d’objet indirect) :
ldiɣ tawwurt i gma → ldiɣ-as tawwurt

	udem	awṣil arusrid n wemyag
	udem	talɣa taɣezfant	talɣa tawezlant
asuf	1ru ml./nt.	`-(i)yi`	`-yi`
	wis 2 ml.	`-(y)ak`	`-k`
	wis 2 nt.	`-(y)am`	`-m`
	wis 3 ml./nt.	`-(y)as`	`-s`
asget	1ru ml./nt.	`-(y)aɣ`	`-ɣ`
	wis 2 ml.	`-(y)awen`	`-wen`
	wis 2 nt.	`-(y)akent`	`-kent`
	wis 3 ml.	`-(y)asen`	`-sen`
	wis 3 nt.	`-(y)asent`	`-sent`

7/10

Iwṣilen n wemyag

b. Imqimen irusriden [2/2]

• Talɣa tawezlant nesseqdac-itt ngum amyag ; ladɣa deg yimal neɣ melmi yefti wemyag di talɣa tibawt.

Amedya:

a s-awiɣ (deg yimal)
ur sent-wwiɣ kra (di talɣa tibawt)

Nesseqdac-itt melmi yella wemyag deffir i / ay

Amedya : tacriḥt i m-yeǧǧa

Nesseqdac-itt daɣen deg waddaden-agi :
asmi (i) s-tefkiḍ (le i est sous-entendu)
d acu (melmi/ayɣer/...) (i) m-yenna ?
aseggas deg (assen/mi/...) ara sen-nawi

• y yettban-d melmi tkeffu telɣa tamyagant s tergelt.

Amedya : yeldi-yas, newwi-yasen, ...

• Nesseqdac talɣa n wemqim s i melmi tkeffu telɣa tamyagant s tergelt.

Amedya :

yuɣ-iyi, nesseqdec amqim (i)yi s i acku talɣa tamyagant (yuɣ) tkeffu s tergelt (ɣ)
fkan-iyi-d, nesseqdec amqim (i)yi s i acku talɣa tamyagant (fkan) tkeffu s tergelt (n)
teǧǧa-yi-d, nesseqdec amqim (i)yi war i acku talɣa tamyagant (teǧǧa) tkeffu s teɣri (a)
ssiwel-iyi-d, nesseqdec amqim (i)yi s i acku talɣa tamyagant (ssiwel) tkeffu s tergelt (l)

Imedyaten nniḍen : arut-iyi-d, eǧǧ-iyi-d, yefka-yi-d, ...

8/10

Iwṣilen n wemyag

c. Amyeḍfer n yemqimen iwṣilen ɣer wemyag

Melmi myeḍfaren yewṣilen n wemyag, d amqim arusrid i zeggiren amqim usrid.

Amedya :

yefka tasarut¹ i Mennac²

→

yefka-yas³-tt⁴

1. asemmad usrid
2. asemmad arusrid

3. amqim arusrid
4. amqim usrid

ad nazen tabrat i uselway

→

a s-tt-nazen

9/10

Iwṣilen umaɣun

Iwṣilen umaɣun (d wid nesseqdac i wemyag) zeggen dima ɣer zdat.

Amedya :

- anwa i s-yennan
- win i tt-yewwin
- ulac anwa ara s-tt-yefken

10/10

Iwṣilen n tenzeɣt

Nesseqdac i tenzaɣ kraḍ neɣ tlata n talɣiwin-agi n yemqimen :

	udem	awṣil n tenzeɣt
	udem	Talɣa 1^rut (`seg`, ...)	Talɣa tis 2 (`gar`, ...)	Talɣa tis 3 (`ddaw`, ...)
asuf	1ru ml./nt.	`-i`	`-i`	`-i`
	wis 2 ml.	`-m`	`-ak`	`-ak`
	wis 2 nt.	`-k`	`-am`	`-am`
	wis 3 ml./nt.	`-s`	`-as`	`-as`
asget	1ru ml.	`-neɣ`	`-aneɣ` / `-aɣ`	`-atneɣ` / `-aɣ`
	1ru nt.	`-nteɣ`	`-anteɣ`	`-atenteɣ`
	wis 2 ml.	`-wen`	`-awen`	`-atwen`
	wis 2 nt.	`-kent`	`-akent`	`-atkent`
	wis 3 ml.	`-sen`	`-asen`	`-atsen`
	wis 3 nt.	`-sent`	`-asent`	`-atsent`

Talɣa tamenzut d tin yettusseqdacen d tuget n tenzaɣ:
seg, deg, ɣer, ɣur, deffir, zdat, nnig, yid, yis, sɣur, ...
Talɣa tis snat tettusseqdac d tenzaɣ-agi: gar, fell
Talɣa tis tlata nesseqdac-itt d tenzaɣ-agi: ddaw, d tama

Imedyaten :

d tazzla yusa-d ɣur-neɣ
zdat-wen i yekka yilef
sɣur-kent i tekka tiyita

fell-aneɣ i d-yedha
gar-ak yid-s

d tama-atneɣ i d-qqimen
ffren-t ddaw-tsen

Tamawt :

Tanzeɣ d tama di laṣel-is d isem, ɣef waya i tt-nesseqdac daɣen d yemqimen izeddin ɣer yisem :
d tama-nneɣ, d tama-w, ... (wali iwṣilen n yisem)